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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on March 29, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl017
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received October 14, 2005
Revised March 8, 2006
Accepted March 15, 2006

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION

The XPD 751Gln allele is associated with an increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma. A population-based case-control study in Sweden

Weimin Ye M.D., Ph.D. 1 *, Rajiv Kumar Ph.D. 2, Gabriela Bacova Ph.D. 3, Jesper Lagergren M.D., Ph.D. 4, Kari Hemminki M.D., Ph.D. 2, and Olof Nyrén M.D., Ph.D. 1

1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
2 Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Bioscience at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 141 57, Sweden
3 Department of Bioscience at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 141 57, Sweden
4 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden; Unit of esophageal and gastric research, Department of molecular medicine and surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 76, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Weimin Ye, E-mail: Weimin.Ye{at}ki.se


  Abstract

Mechanisms behind the strong associations of esophageal adenocarcinoma risk with gastroesophageal reflux and body mass remain to be defined. In a nationwide population-based case-control study, we examined associations of polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XPD, XPC, XRCC1, and XRCC3 with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and paid special attention to possible interactions with symptomatic reflux or body mass. We collected blood samples from 96, 81 and 126 interviewed incident cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, respectively, and 472 randomly selected controls, frequency-matched with regard to age and sex. DNA was extracted and polymorphisms in XPD codon 751 (Lys->Gln), codon 312 (Asp->Asn), C insertion in intron 10 of XPD, XPC codon 939 (Lys->Gln), XRCC1 codon 399 (Arg->Gln), and XRCC3 codon 241 (Thr->Met) were examined using PCR-RFLP. Odds ratios (ORs) derived from multivariate logistic regression with adjustments for potential confounding factors estimated relative risks. XPD codon 751 Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes, compared with Lys/Lys genotype, were both associated with a more than doubled risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR=2.4, 95%CI 1.4-4.4; OR=2.7, 95%CI=1.3-5.9). The combined effects of these genotypes and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux or body mass showed borderline significant deviation from additivity. Excess risks for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma were also noted for XPD 751Gln variant genotypes. Other studied variants were not found to be related to the three tumors. Our study suggests that XPD 751Gln allele is a potential genetic marker for susceptibility to esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Keywords: Polymorphism; XRCC1; XPD; XPC; XRCC3; DNA repair gene; esophageal cancer; adenocarcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; cardia; esophagus.
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