Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on May 15, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl065
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1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Isothiocyanates and indoles (e.g., indole-3-carbinol) from Brassica vegetables (e.g., broccoli) induce Phase I and Phase II enzymes responsible for the oxidation, reduction, and metabolism of endogenous and exogenous carcinogens. Brassica vegetables also contain micronutrients that may provide additional DNA protection from reactive oxygen species. This randomized cross-over trial (n=20) compares the effects of a Brassica Vegetable Intervention (BV) against a Micronutrient and Fiber Supplementation Intervention (M+F) on urinary F2-isoprostane levels (F2-iP), a stable biomarker of systemic oxidative stress. Brassica intake was monitored by repeated 24-hour recalls, urinary ITC levels, and questionnaire. Urinary F2-iP levels were measured by mass spectrometry from first-morning urine samples collected at Baseline and after each intervention, and change in natural log-transformed urinary F2-iP levels were analyzed using repeated measures regression. Brassica consumption increased from 2 grams/day during the Baseline or M+F Intervention periods to 218 grams/day during the BV Intervention, while exposure to most antioxidant vitamins and minerals was greatest during the M+F Intervention. F2-iP levels significantly decreased 22.0% or 21.8% during the BV Intervention compared to Baseline or the M+F Intervention (p=0.05, p=0.05, respectively). Urinary F2-iP levels did not significantly differ between Baseline and the M+F Intervention (difference = 0.2%; p=0.98). Brassica intake has been associated with reduced risk of colon, lung, bladder, breast, prostate, and other cancers. Our results suggest that Brassica consumption reduces systemic oxidative stress independent of the vitamin and mineral content of these vegetables.
Received August 30, 2004
Revised April 18, 2006
Accepted April 24, 2006
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
Brassica vegetable consumption reduces urinary F2-isoprostane levels independent of micronutrient intake
Jay H. Fowke PhD 1 *,
Jason D. Morrow MD 2,
Saundra Motley RN 3,
Roberd M. Bostick MD 4,
and
Reid M. Ness MD 1
2 Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
3 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
4 Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
Jay H. Fowke, E-mail: jay.fowke{at}vanderbilt.edu
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