Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on May 15, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl067
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1 Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The mitogen effect of the ovarian steroid estrogen is a strong risk factor for breast cancer development. This effect is mainly mediated by the estrogen receptor
Received February 14, 2006
Revised April 25, 2006
Accepted April 29, 2006
CANCER BIOLOGY
Associations of genetic variants in the estrogen receptor coactivators PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B and EP300 with familial breast cancer
Michael Wirtenberger 1 *,
Sandrine Tchatchou 1,
Kari Hemminki 2,
Julia Schmutzhard 3,
Christian Sutter 4,
Rita K. Schmutzler 5,
Alfons Meindl 6,
Barbara Wappenschmidt 5,
Marion Kiechle 6,
Norbert Arnold 7,
Bernhard H. F. Weber 8,
Dieter Niederacher 9,
Claus R. Bartram 4,
and
Barbara Burwinkel 3
2 Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
3 Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Helmholtz-University Group Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
4 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
5 Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
6 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar at the Technical University, Munich, Germany
7 Division of Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
8 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
9 Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Michael Wirtenberger, E-mail: m.wirtenberger{at}dkfz.de
Abstract 
, a hormone inducible transcription factor, which activates gene expression through recruiting multiple coactivators, such as PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B and EP300. We tested the hypothesis whether, non-conservative, putative functional amino acid exchanges in PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B and EP300 act as low-penetrance familial breast cancer risk factors. The analysis of 816 BRCA1/2 mutation-negative familial breast cancer patients and 1012 controls revealed an association of the PPARGC1A Thr612Met polymorphism with familial breast cancer (OR = 1.35, 95 % CI 1.00-1.81, P = 0.049), high-risk familial breast cancer (OR = 1.51, 95 % CI 1.08-2.12, P = 0.017) and bilateral familial breast cancer (OR = 2.30, 95 % CI 1.24-4.28, P = 0.009). Logistic regression analyses of the PPARGC1B Ala203Pro variant showed an increased familial breast cancer risk of heterozygous and homozygous variant allele carriers (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.15-1.91, P = 0.002). The genotype-combination analysis of the associated PPARGC1A Thr612Met variant and the associated PPARGC1B Ala203Pro variant suggests an allele dose-dependent breast cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.0004). Our results indicate for the first time the importance of inherited variants in the estrogen receptor coactivator genes PPARGC1A and PPARGC1B for familial breast cancer susceptibility. Due to their impact on estrogen signalling, these polymorphisms might also influence adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy using agents such as tamoxifen and raloxifen and outcome of breast cancer patients.
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