Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on June 13, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl087
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1 Departments of Pharmacology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The present study was undertaken to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), which is a cancer chemopreventive constituent of many cruciferous vegetables, using PC-3 human prostate cancer cells as a model. The PEITC-induced cell death in PC-3 cells was associated with disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of apoptogenic molecules (cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO) from mitochondria to the cytosol and generation of reactive oxygen species, which were blocked in the presence of a small molecule mimetic of superoxide dismutase and catalase (Euk134). Ectopic expression of Bcl-xL, whose protein level is reduced markedly on treatment of PC-3 cells with PEITC, conferred partial protection against PEITC-induced apoptosis only at higher (> 10 µM) drug concentrations. Administration of 12 µmol PEITC/day (Monday through Friday) by oral gavage significantly retarded growth of PC-3 xenografts in athymic mice. For instance, 31 days after the initiation of PEITC administration, the average tumor volume in control mice (721 ± 153 mm3) was approximately 2-fold higher compared with mice receiving 12 µmol PEITC/day. The PEITC-mediated inhibition of PC-3 xenograft growth was associated with induction of Bax and Bid proteins. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the PEITC-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells is mediated by ROS-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and regulated by Bax and Bid.
Received January 26, 2006
Revised April 13, 2006
Accepted May 19, 2006
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CANCER PREVENTION
Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential
Dong Xiao 1,
Karen L. Lew 1,
Yan Zeng 1,
Hui Xiao 1,
Stanley W. Marynowski 1,
Rajiv Dhir 1,
and
Shivendra V. Singh 1 *
Shivendra V. Singh, E-mail: singhs{at}upmc.edu
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