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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on July 24, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl112
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received March 1, 2006
Revised May 4, 2006
Accepted June 5, 2006

CARCINOGENESIS

Caffeine and caffeine sodium benzoate have a sunscreen effect, enhance UVB-induced apoptosis, and inhibit UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice

Yao-Ping Lu 1, You-Rong Lou 1, Jian-Guo Xie 1, Qing-Yun Peng 1, Sherry Zhou 1, Yong Lin 2, Weichung Joe Shih 2, and Allan H. Conney 3 *

1 Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
2 University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
3 Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA; The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; William M. and Myrle W. Garbe Professor of Cancer and Leukemia Research

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Allan H. Conney, E-mail: aconney{at}rci.rutgers.edu


  Abstract

Topical application of caffeine sodium benzoate immediately after UVB irradiation of SKH-1 mice enhanced UVB-induced apoptosis by a 2- to 3- fold greater extent than occurred after the topical application of an equimolar amount of caffeine. Although topical application of caffeine sodium benzoate or caffeine enhanced UVB-induced apoptosis, both substances were inactive on non-UVB-treated normal skin. Topical application of caffeine sodium benzoate or caffeine (each has UVB absorption properties) 0.5 hr before irradiation with a high dose of UVB decreased UVB-induced thymine dimer formation and sunburn lesions (sunscreen effect). Caffeine sodium benzoate was more active than an equimolar amount of caffeine in exerting a sunscreen effect. In additional studies, caffeine sodium benzoate strongly inhibited the formation of tumors in UVB-pretreated high risk mice and in tumor-bearing mice, and the growth of UVB-induced tumors was also inhibited. Caffeine sodium benzoate and caffeine are the first examples of compounds that have both a sunscreen effect and enhance UVB-induced apoptosis. Our studies suggest that caffeine sodium benzoate and caffeine may be good agents for inhibiting the formation of sunlight-induced skin cancer. (Supported in part by NIH Grants No. CA80759 and CA88961, as well as a State of New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 05-1976-CCR-EO)

Keywords: UV sunburn; apoptosis; carcinogenesis.
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Y.-P. Lu, Y.-R. Lou, Q.-Y. Peng, J.-G. Xie, P. Nghiem, and A. H. Conney
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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