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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on October 6, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl185
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received May 16, 2006
Revised September 21, 2006
Accepted September 21, 2006

CANCER BIOLOGY

MicroRNAs in biological processes and carcinogenesis

Hirotaka Osada 1 and Takashi Takahashi 2 *

1 Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681
2 Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Takashi Takahashi, E-mail: tak{at}med.nagoya-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoding small non-coding RNAs have been recognized as a very large gene family present in most organisms. The precise biological effects of miRNAs are yet to be elucidated in detail, partly because each miRNA is believed to negatively regulate the expression of hundreds of target genes. Nevertheless, recent findings indicate that carcinogenic processes are associated with alterations in the expression of several miRNAs, suggesting that some function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The present review focuses on recent findings in this exciting new area of research, with special emphasis on the involvement of miRNAs in cancer development and progression. Further studies are clearly warranted to elucidate the molecular and biological roles of miRNAs, which may ultimately provide both a better understanding of disease development, as well as a foundation for novel strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy.


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