Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on December 20, 2006
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl252
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Green tea and the prevention of breast cancer: a case-control study in southeast China
1 The School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
2 Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
Correspondence author: Min Zhang, M.D., Ph.D. School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Telephone: + 61 8 6488 8175. Fax: + 61 8 6488 1188. E-mail: min.zhang{at}uwa.edu.au
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Tea has anticarcinogenic effects against breast cancer in experimental studies. However, epidemiologic evidence that tea protects against breast cancer has been inconsistent. A case-control study was conducted in southeast China between 2004 and 2005. The incidence cases were 1, 009 female patients aged 20-87 years with histologically confirmed breast cancer. The 1, 009 age-matched controls were healthy women randomly recruited from breast disease clinics. Information on duration, frequency, quantity, preparation, and type of tea consumption, diet, and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with non-tea drinkers, green tea drinkers tended to reside in urban, have better education and higher consumption of coffee, alcohol, soy, vegetables and fruits. After adjusting established and potential confounders, green tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. The ORs were 0.87 (0-73-1.04) in women consuming 1-249g of dried green tea leaves per annum; 0.68 (0.54-0.86) for 250-499g per annum; 0.59 (0.45-0.77) for 500-749g per annum; and 0.61 (0.48-0.78) for 
750g per annum; with a statistically significant test for trend (p<0.001). Similar dose-response relationships were observed for duration of drinking green tea, number of cups consumed and new batches prepared per day. We conclude that regular consumption of green tea can protect against breast cancer. More research to closely examine the relationship between tea consumption and breast cancer risk is warranted.
Key Words: breast cancer • case-control study • Chinese women • green tea • risk factor
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