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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on May 23, 2007
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgm117
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Anthocyanin fraction from potato extracts is cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells through activation of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways

Lavanya Reddivari1, Jairam Vanamala2, Sudhakar Chintharlapalli4, Stephen H. Safe3,4,* and J Creighton Miller, Jr.1,*

1 Dept of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
2 Center for Obesity Research and Program Evaluation, Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
3 Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
4 Institute for Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jcmillerjr{at}tamu.edu

Polyphenols from fruits and vegetables exhibit anti-cancer properties both in vitro and in vivo and specialty potatoes are an excellent source of dietary polyphenols including phenolic acids and anthocyanins. This study investigated the effects of specialty potato phenolics and their fractions on LNCaP (androgen-dependent) and PC-3 (androgen-independent) prostate cancer cells. Phenolic extracts from four specialty potato cultivars CO112F2-2, PATX99P32-2, ATTX98462-3 and ATTX98491-3 and organic acid, phenolic acid, and anthocyanin fractions (AF) were used in this study. CO112F2-2 cultivar extracts and their anthocyanin fraction (AF) at 5 µg chlorogenic acid eq/ml were more active and inhibited cell proliferation and increased the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 levels in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Potato extract and AF induced apoptosis in both the cells and however, the effects were cell context dependent. Cell death pathways induced by potato extract and AF were associated with MAPK and JNK activation and these kinases activated caspase-independent apoptosis through nuclear translocation of endonuclease G (Endo G) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in both cell lines. Induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis was also kinase-dependent but was observed only in LNCaP cells. Kinase inhibitors reversed this nuclear translocation of Endo G and AIF. This is the first report showing that the cytotoxic activities of potato extract/AF in cancer cells were due to activation of caspase-independent apoptosis. Current studies are focused on identifying individual components of the AF responsible for the induction of cell death pathways in prostate and other cancer cell lines and developing potato cultivars that overexpress these active compounds.

Received December 22, 2006; revised May 10, 2007; accepted May 12, 2007.


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