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Carcinogenesis Advance Access first published online on June 12, 2008
This version published online on June 12, 2008
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgn062
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Gene-Environment Interaction in Tobacco-Related Cancers

Emanuela Taioli, MD PhD

Emanuela Taioli MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232

This review summarizes the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke and the basis for interaction between tobacco smoke and genetic factors. Examples of published papers on gene tobacco interaction and cancer risk are presented.

The assessment of gene – environment interaction in tobacco related cancers has been more complex than originally expected for several reasons, including the multiplicity of genes involved in tobacco metabolism, the numerous substrates metabolized by the relevant genes, the interaction of smoking with other metabolic pathways.

Future studies on gene-environment interaction and cancer risk should include biomarkers of smoking dose, along with markers of quantitative historical exposure to tobacco. Epigenetic studies should be added to classic genetic analyses, in order to better understand gene-environmental interaction and individual susceptibility.

Other metabolic pathways in competition with tobacco genetic metabolism/repair should be incorporated in epidemiological studies, to generate a more complete picture of individual cancer risk associated with environmental exposure to carcinogens.

Received October 22, 2007; revised February 27, 2008; accepted February 27, 2008.


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