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Carcinogenesis Advance Access published online on March 17, 2009
Carcinogenesis, doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp063
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

MicroRNAs and genomic variations: from Proteus tricks to Prometheus gift

Muller Fabbri1, Nicola Valeri1 and George A. Calin2

1 Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
2 Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Cancer Genetics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030

Corresponding author: George A. Calin, MD, PhD, email: gcalin{at}mdanderson.org; Tel: 713-792-5461; Fax: 713-745-4528.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with regulatory functions. MiRNAs are aberrantly expressed in almost all human cancers, leading to abnormal levels of target genes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have addressed whether genomic variations including germline or somatic mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can count for miRNA abnormal expression, by altering their biogenesis, and/or affect the ability of miRNAs to bind to target mRNAs. Here we provide an extensive review of the studies that have investigated variations occurring both in miRNA genes and in target genes and we discuss the possible clinical implications of these findings. Furthermore, we propose that sequence variations in miRNAs or interactor sites located in messenger RNAs can be involved in cancer predisposition.

Received January 28, 2009; revised March 9, 2009; accepted March 10, 2009.


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